Prostate cancer: Symptoms, risk factors, and treatment










Prostate cancer affects the prostate gland, the gland that produces some of the fluid in semen and plays a role in urine control in men.

The prostate gland is located below the bladder and in front of the rectum.
In the United States (U.S.), it is the most common cancer in men, but it is also treatable if found in the early stages.
In 2017, the American Cancer Society predicts that there will be around 161,360 new diagnoses of prostate cancer, and that around 26,730 fatalities will occur because of it.
Regular testing is crucial as the cancer needs to be diagnosed before metastasis.
Fast facts on prostate cancer:
    Here are some key points about the prostate cancer. More detail is in the main article.
    • The prostate gland is part of the male reproductive system.
    • Prostate cancer is the most common cancer in men.
    • It is treatable if diagnosed early, before it spreads.
    • If symptoms appear, they include problems with urination.
    • Regular screening Is the best way to detect it in good time.
    • What is prostate cancer?

      The prostate is a walnut-sized exocrine gland. This means that its fluids and secretions are intended for use outside of the body.
      The prostate produces the fluid that nourishes and transports sperm on their journey to fuse with a female ovum, or egg, and produce human life. The prostate contracts and forces these fluids out during orgasm.
      The protein excreted by the prostate, prostate-specific antigen (PSA), helps semen retain its liquid state. An excess of this protein in the blood is one of the first signs of prostate cancer.
      The urethra is tube through which sperm and urine exit the body. It also passes through the prostate.
      As such, the prostate is also responsible for urine control. It can tighten and restrict the flow of urine through the urethra using thousands of tiny muscle fibers.
    • How does it start?

      It usually starts in the glandular cells. This is known as adenocarcinoma. Tiny changes occur in the shape and size of the prostate gland cells, known as prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN). This tends to happen slowly and does not show symptoms until further into the progression.
      Nearly 50 percent of all men over the age of 50 years have PIN. High-grade PIN is considered pre-cancerous, and it requires further investigation. Low-grade PIN is not a cause for concern.
      Prostate cancer can be successfully treated if it is diagnosed before metastasis, but if it spreads, it is more dangerous. It most commonly spreads to the bones.

      Symptoms

      There are usually no symptoms during the early stages of prostate cancer.
      If symptoms appear, they usually involve one or more of the following:
      • frequent urges to urinate, including at night
      • difficulty commencing and maintaining urination
      • blood in the urine
      • painful urination and, less commonly, ejaculation
      • difficulty achieving or maintaining an erection may be difficult
      Advanced prostate cancer can involve the following symptoms:
      • bone pain, often in the spine, femur, pelvis, or ribs
      • bone fractures
      If the cancer spreads to the spine and compresses the spinal cord, there may be:

      Risk factors

      The exact cause of prostate cancer is unclear, but there are many possible risk factors.

      Age

      Prostate cancer is rare among men under the age of 45 years, but more common after the age of 50 years.

      Geography

      Prostate cancer occurs most frequently in North America, northwestern Europe, on the Caribbean islands, and in Australia. The reasons remain unclear.

      Genetic factors

      Certain genetic and ethnic groups have an increased risk of prostate cancer.
      In the U.S., prostate cancer is at least 60 percent more common and 2 to 3 times more deadly among black men than non-Hispanic white men.
      A man also has a much higher risk of developing cancer if his identical twin has it, and a man whose brother or father had prostate cancer has twice the risk of developing it compared to other men. Having a brother who has or has had prostate cancer is more of a genetic risk than having a father with the disease.

      Diet

      Studies have suggested that a diet high in red meat or high-fat dairy products may increase a person's chances of developing prostate cancer, but the link is neither confirmed nor clear.
    • Medication

      Some research has suggested that non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) use may reduce the risk of prostate cancer. Others have linked NSAID use with a higher risk of death from the disease. This is a controversial area, and results have not been confirmed.
      There has also been some investigation into whether statins might slow the progression of prostate cancer. One 2016 study concluded that results were "weak and inconsistent."

      Obesity

      It is often believed that obesity is linked to the development of prostate cancer, but the American Cancer Society maintains that there is no clear link.
      Some studies have found that obesity increases the risk of death in advanced cancers. Studies have also concluded that obesity decreases the risk that a cancer will be low-grade if it does occur.

      Agent Orange

      Exposure to Agent Orange, a chemical weapon used in the Vietnam war, may possibly be linked to the development of more aggressive types of cancer, but the extent of this has not been confirmed.

      Diagnosis

      A doctor will carry out a physical examination and enquire about any ongoing medical history. If the patient has symptoms, or if a routine blood test shows abnormally high PSA levels, further examinations may be requested.
      Imaging scans can show and track the presence of prostate cancer.
      Imaging scans can show and track the presence of prostate cancer.
      Tests may include:
      • a digital rectal examination (DRE), in which a doctor will manually check for any abnormalities of the prostate with their finger
      • a biomarker test checking the blood, urine, or body tissues of a person with cancer for chemicals unique to individuals with cancer
      If these tests show abnormal results, further tests will include:
      • a PCA3 test examining the urine for the PCA3 gene only found in prostate cancer cells
      • a transrectal ultrasound scan providing imaging of the affected region using a probe that emits sounds
      • a biopsy, or the removal of 12 to 14 small pieces of tissue from several areas of the prostate for examination under a microscope
      These will help confirm the stage of the cancer, whether it has spread, and what treatment is appropriate.
      To track any spread, or metastasis, doctors may use a bone, CT scan, or MRI scan.
      Staging will take into account the size and extent of the tumor and the scale of the metastasis. At Stage 0, the tumor has neither spread from the prostate gland nor invaded deeply into it. At Stage IV, the cancer has spread to distant sites and organs.
    • Treatment

      Treatment is different for early and advanced prostate cancers.

      Early stage prostate cancer

      If the cancer is small and localized, it is usually managed by one of the following treatments:
      Watchful waiting or monitoring: PSA blood levels are regularly checked, but there is no immediate action. The risk of side-effects sometimes outweighs the need for immediate treatment for this slow-developing cancer.
      Radical prostatectomy: The prostate is surgically removed. Traditional surgery requires a hospital stay of up to 10 days, with a recovery time of up to 3 months. Robotic keyhole surgery involves a shorter hospitalization and recovery period, but it can be more expensive. Patients should speak to their insurer about coverage.
      Brachytherapy: Radioactive seeds are implanted into the prostate to deliver targeted radiation treatment.
      Conformal radiation therapy: Radiation beams are shaped so that the region where they overlap is as close to the same shape as the organ or region that requires treatment. This minimizes healthy tissue exposure to radiation.
      Intensity modulated radiation therapy: Beams with variable intensity are used. This is an advanced form of conformal radiation therapy.
      In the early stages, patients may receive radiation therapy combined with hormone therapy for 4 to 6 months.
      Treatment recommendations depend on individual cases. The patient should discuss all available options with their urologist or oncologist.

      Advanced prostate cancer

      Advanced cancer is more aggressive and will have spread further throughout the body.
      Chemotherapy may be recommended, as it can kill cancer cells around the body.
      Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), or androgen suppression therapy, is a hormone treatment that reduces the effect of androgen. Androgens are male hormones that can stimulate cancer growth. ADT can slow down and even stop cancer growth by reducing androgen levels.
      The patient will likely need long-term hormone therapy.
      Even if the hormone therapy stops working after a while, there may be other options. Participation in clinical trials is one option that a patient may wish to discuss with the doctor.
      Radical prostatectomy is not currently an option for advanced cases, as it does not treat the cancer that has spread to other parts of the body.
    • Fertility

      As the prostate is directly involved with sexual reproduction, removing it affects semen production and fertility.
      Radiation therapy affects the prostate tissue and often reduces the ability to father children. The sperm can be damaged and the semen insufficient for transporting sperm.
      Non-surgical options, too, can severely inhibit a man's reproductive capacity.
      Options for preserving these functions can include donating to a sperm bank before surgery, or having sperm extracted directly from the testicles for artificial insemination into an egg. However, the success of these options is never guaranteed.
      Patients with prostate cancer can speak to a fertility doctor if they still intend to father children.

      Outlook

      If the disease is found before it spreads to other organs in a process known as metastasis, the 5-year survival rate is 99 percent. After fifteen years, this decreases to 96 percent. Once the cancer metastasizes, or spreads, the 5-year survival rate is 29 percent.
      Regular screening can help detect prostate cancer while it is still treatable.


Do you know that urine-therapy can cure most of your health issues?







YOUR BODY’S OWN MEDICINE
Sometimes you may find, that as much as you try to eat right, to take the appropriate nutritional supplements, to exercise, to drink plenty of pure water - you still just don't get better or solve your particular health challenge. When you cannot find a practitioner in your sphere that is able to get to the core of what ails you, these are the times when you may need a little extra help. In that light I'd like to review homeopathy/isopathy and your body's own medicine.

Homeopathy

In definition, homeopathy is: A therapeutic method, which clinically applies the Law of Similars and uses medically active substances at infinitesimal doses.

Ok, so lets say you get sick with the flu. By using the Law of Similars, you would give yourself an additional dose of some same or similar flu virus, and this would stimulate your immune system to go into battle. That's using the Law of Similars. However, in homeopathy, you never take the similar substance full strength. You take an infinitesimally smaller amount. Actually, it is so small as to be unmeasurable by physical scientific instruments.

To get to such a small level, the original substance goes through a dilution process. For example, suppose you were making a flu remedy. You would take, for instance, 99 drops of distilled water and add one drop of flu virus. You would vigorously shake that solution 50 to 100 times (homeopaths call this succussing). Then you would take a drop of that solution and add it to another 99 drops of water and shake again. Then take a drop of that solution and do it again, and again, and again, etc. By the time the homeopath is through with this process, any scientific laboratory could analyze the solution and all they would say is that the substance is just water. BUT, and this is a big but, the power of the remedy is in the vibrational imprint that has been stamped on the water itself by the original flu drop and through each successive generation. And this is where we get into quantum physics and subtle energy, areas where our physical sciences are not yet capable of going.

When the body is given a homeopathic remedy, it is stimulated into action, not because of the physical or chemical nature of the substance, but because of the energetic nature. The body receives new vibratory information and acts accordingly. Now to anyone trained in the physical sciences, this is not provable. But whether you believe this yourself or not is irrelevant, the fact is, homeopathics can be a very powerful healing resource when used correctly.

Isopathy

In the Rot & Rust educational tour in the microscopy section, we have a discussion about the colloids of life in the blood. These are hypothetical constructs which say if the terrain of the blood (i.e. the bloods pH balance, mineral balance etc.) gets shifted, the elemental forms, the colloidal particles known as the protits or somatids, will change their shape to adapt to the new environment. What they change into can be pathogenic (disease producing) to the body.

This is the biological aspect to the disease process in the body as espoused by some thinkers. When Professor Enderlein (ref. Rot & Rust) was doing all of his research in this area, he believed the developmental life cycle of an internal parasite to be real. He knew that disease was brought about by a shifted internal metabolic balance. To get well, you had to rebalance that metabolism. Understanding these concepts, in relation to also theorizing a totally biological nature of disease, he developed biological preparations to speed the healing process. Today these preparations are made primarily by companies most notably out of Germany.

As biological preparations, they work on a supposedly unique level. If  microbes do indeed evolve in the blood to a pathogenic level, then to get well, you would want to de-evolve those same microorganisms back to a stage where they no longer present a problem.. The primary way to do this is through diet (i.e. rebalance pH). But in severe situations, you could accelerate the process biologically. This is where Enderlein's remedies would come into play. He theorized that if you have a microbe at one late developmental stage in the body that is causing problems, you could introduce the earlier stage of that same type of microbe and they would mate and become a lesser form. This is how his isopathic remedies work (iso meaning equal or same).

Enderlein’s so-called protit was seen as a colloid of life—a progenitor to later stages of development if the pH of the blood gets thrown off. To de-evolve the later pathogenic stages, the re-introduction of new cultured young protits back into the blood, would see the pathogenic forms become lesser, apathogenic forms. This is the basis for Enderleins isopathic remedies. It claims to promote gentle and effective self healing through biological means.

Understanding these two concepts of homeopathy and isopathy, is going to lead to a further understanding of just what the power may be that is behind the effectiveness of the medicine your own body produces.

The Product of Your Own Metabolism

The first time I was exposed to the concept that the body makes its own medicine, it was through a friend who was introduced to it through an eastern Indian "guru" type of fellow. I thought it was interesting but a wacky kind of idea and I never thought about it again - until I came across a book. The book is entitled, "Your Own Perfect Medicine" by Martha Christy. She has an interesting story to tell.

Ms. Christy was sick. Very sick. For a very long time. Pelvic inflammatory disease, ulcerative colitis, Chron's disease, chronic fatigue syndrome, Hashimoto's disease, mononucleosis. She had severe kidney infections, two miscarriages, chronic cystitis, severe candida, endometriosis, adrenal insufficiency, serious chronic ear and sinus infections, food and chemical allergies. And that wasn't the half of it. She had every conceivable medical test, her share of surgery, and drugs - plenty of them. Then she tried all forms of alternative therapy. Homeopathy, herbs, mega-vitamins and liv-cell treatments in Mexico. After traditional medicine failed to work, she and her husband spent over $100,000 trying to get her well with alternative approaches. Nothing worked.

And then one day, her husband brought home a little book that told of how individuals had been cured of even the worst diseases with a seemingly strange and little-known natural therapy. Soon afterwards, she began the therapy herself. From the first day she began, she received almost instantaneous relief from her incurable constipation and fluid retention. Within a week, her severe abdominal and pelvic pain was gone.

The chronic cystitis and yeast infections (internal and external) soon disappeared and her food allergies, exhaustion, and digestive problems all began to heal.

After a few more months, her colds, flu, sore throats and on again off again viral symptoms disappeared. Her hair which had fallen out by the handfuls after her fifth surgery became thick and lustrous. Her weight normalized, and her energy and strength came back. After nearly 30 years of non-stop illness, Martha Christy was whole again.

What was this therapy that she had discovered? What was this therapy that has helped seriously ill patients gain complete remissions from their afflictions? What was it that she actually did?

Well, here it is. She orally and medicinally re-consumed her own urine.

Whoa! Gag! She did what?

That's what I thought when I first heard about this. But I also absolutely needed to know more. What I discovered is that urine is not the substance we think it is. In her book, Martha Christy explains what urine is....

In Layman's Language

Urine is not, as many believe, the excess water from food and liquids that goes through the intestines and is ejected from the body as "waste". It is much different and much more. When you eat, the food you ingest is eventually broken down in the stomach and intestines into extremely small molecules. These molecules are absorbed into tiny tubules in the intestinal wall and then pass through these tubes into the blood stream.

The blood circulates throughout your body carrying these food molecules and other nutrients, along with critical immune defense and regulating elements such as red and white blood cells, antibodies, plasma, microscopic proteins, hormones, enzymes, etc., which are all manufactured at different locations in the body.

As the blood circulates, it passes through the liver where toxins are removed and later excreted from the body in the form of solid waste. Eventually, this now purified "cleaned" blood makes its way to the kidneys. When blood enters the kidneys it is filtered through an immensely complex and intricate system of minute tubules called nephron through which the blood is literally "squeezed" at high pressure. This filtering process removes excess amounts of water, salts and other elements in the blood that your body does not need at the time.

These excess elements are collected within the kidney in the form of a purified, sterile, watery solution called urine. Many of the constituents of this filtered watery solution, or urine, are then reabsorbed by the nephron and delivered back into the bloodstream. The remainder of the urine passes out of the kidneys into the bladder and is then excreted from the body.

The function of the kidneys is to keep the various elements in your blood balanced. When your body doesn't need something at a particular time, it is excreted - not because it is toxic or poisonous or bad for the body, but simply because the body does not need that particular element at the time.

Medical researchers have discovered that many of the elements of the blood that are found in urine have enormous medicinal value, and when reintroduced to the body, they boost the body's immune defenses and stimulate healing in a way that nothing else does.

A Nutrient Rich Powerhouse

In 1975, one of the founders of Miles Laboratories, Dr. A. H. Free, published his book Urinalysis in Clinical Laboratory Practice, in which he remarked that not only is urine a sterile body compound (purer than distilled water), but that it is now recognized that urine contains literally thousands of compounds. Among the urine constituents mentioned in Dr. Free's treatise is a list of nutrients that will knock your socks off. Here's just a few...

Alanine, Arginine, Ascorbic acid, Allantoin, Amino acids, Bicarbonate, Biotin, Calcium,  Creatinine, Cystine, DHEA, Dopamine, Epinephrine, Folic acid, Glucose, Glutamic acid, Glycine, Inositol,  Iodine, Iron, Lysine, Magnesium, Manganese, Melatonin, Methionine, Nitrogen, Ornithane, Pantothenic acid, Phenylalaline, Phosphorus, Potassium, Proteins, Riboflavin,  Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Urea,  Vitamin B6, Vitamin B12,  Zinc/

Stories have been told of individuals who have both lived and died by being trapped in places without food and water for days. Those that survived did so because they drank their own urine, those that perished did not. The ones that died probably could not overcome the mis-informed thoughts that urine is a waste product of the body. It's not. It's just a substance the body secretes that contains elements not needed at the time.

Despite what you may have been led to believe about urine, pharmaceutical companies have grossed billions of dollars from the sale of drugs made from urine constituents. Research is happening every day in labs attempting to isolate specific elements of urine so they can create new drugs and patent the substances. For instance, Pergonal is a fertility drug made from human urine. 1992 sales of this drug were reported at $855 million while it costs a patient $1400 a month to consume. Urokinase, a urine ingredient, is used in drug form and sold as a miracle blood clot dissolver for unblocking coronary arteries. Urea, medically proven to be one of the best moisturizers in the world, is packaged in expensive creams and lotions. Take the M out of Murine eye drops and what do you have? Yep. It's made from carbamide -another name for synthetic urea.

A Powerful Healer

To get some understanding of how urine can be such a powerful healing substance in and of itself, let's take a look at how urine therapy has been known to completely eliminate allergies.

We read where researchers have discovered that allergic responses are caused by "renegade" white blood cells that inappropriately attack substances even when they may be no threat to the body. So it is the activity of these renegade white blood cells, called antigen receptors, that needs to be corrected in order to cure the allergy.

In 1982, studies published by Dr. William Linscott (in Basic and Clinical Immunology) showed that when these antigen receptors (or renegade white blood cells) are reintroduced into the body, the body actually developed antibodies to these antigen receptors, and the antibodies then stopped the allergic response.

Realizing that the urine of allergic individuals contains the allergy causing antigen receptors, researchers thought that to re-introduce the urine back to the allergic individual would mean antibodies would be produced which would then stop the allergic response. And that is exactly what happens. Allergies have been completely turned around with urine therapy.

Using urine in this way to cure the allergy, is one form of isopathic treatment. You're using the same substance that is causing the allergy, to be reintroduced to the body to have the body manufacture its own antibody to it. If you grasp this point, you may be able to see the ability of this therapy to be used in just about any illness the body may experience.

More Electrons for Your Body

Most of the time when a measurement of any given urine sample’s oxidation and reduction reading (the ORP value) is taken, it often shows the urine in a reduced state. Chemically this means that there are more electrons (the charge is reduced in the negative direction). We like to say that the flow of life moves on the flow of electrons. If there are a lot of electrons in the urine, then where are they coming from? Yep, from you. So if your papa ever said, child, you’re pissing your life away—might there be more to that statement then meets the ears? Free electrons can be given to free radicals to fight oxidation so perhaps urine therapy also works along these lines. Something to think about. Or maybe it is just that things are better the second time around - they’ve already been processed somewhat once.

Concepts From the Isopathic Thinkers

To take this isopathic idea a bit further, let's come back to the theories of Guenther Enderlein and his biological perspective. As you'll recall, Enderlein developed remedies that were based on his observations that how we get sick is a function of the blood pH getting thrown off causing microbes in the blood to grow into pathogenicity. His biological remedies involved re-introducing the small colloids of life, or the protits, back into the body to mate with the pathogenic forms so they would de-evolve back into a non-pathogenic state. Mmm….  (Let’s not forget that this was only a theory of Enderlein.)

For fun, we could take this idea in relation to urine therapy and expand it to meet this biological framework which some have done. Urine therapy has been able to cure seemingly incurable disease states. Why is that? Well, the colloids in your blood that are the protits/somatids, are very small particles. In fact they are so small as to be unfilterable by something like the kidneys. It is suggested that one of the invisible constituents of urine are these colloid particles that naturally just get passed through the kidneys out of the blood. When one consumes their own urine through the process of urine therapy, they are receiving a dose of these pure colloids. These biologically proceed to support the immune function, and possibly lead to taking the pathogenic microbes in the blood back down to apathogenic states. In this way, urine truly becomes the body's own perfect medicine.

Now Enderlein’s theories have been largely dis-proven using modern scientific procedures to verify his ideas, but nevertheless people still believe them. Maybe the power of belief in this instance overcomes what factually may not be real, or maybe there is a lot more to learn down this road.  

Open Minds Can Open Doors

Don't take this therapy lightly. Multiple sclerosis, colitis, lupus, rheumatoid arthritis, cancer, hepatitis, hyperactivity, pancreatic insufficiency, psoriasis, eczema, diabetes, herpes, mononucleosis, adrenal failure, allergies and so many other ailments have been said to be relieved through use of this therapy. After you overcome your initial gag response (I know I had one), you may realize that there might just be something to this and if you are searching for health, this is an area to investigate. There are numerous reports and double blind studies which go back to the turn of the century supporting the efficacy of using urine for health.

The recurring points to all of the medical research done to date on urine indicates that it is completely sterile. If it becomes contaminated it happens after it leaves the body. Urine is a by-product of blood filtration,not waste filtration.

Urine contains compounds that are very specific to the individual from which it comes. It is antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, antineoplastic (anticancer), anticonvulsive, and antispasmodic. It is totally non-toxic.

With research that could fill volumes, you may be wondering why you haven't heard of this before. Well, urine is abundant (everyone has their own supply), it's free, and it can't be patented. Reasons enough?

How to Do It

Very briefly, here are two main ways that are suggested to do urine therapy. This is in no way a complete discussion of how to use the therapy, but simply an introduction.

1) Use your own urine in a homeopathic fashion.

First, collect midstream urine in a clean cup or container. This should be a clean catch, meaning the genital area (important for women in particular) has been cleaned beforehand. To 1/6 ounce of distilled water in a sterile bottle, add one drop of fresh urine. Cap and shake 50 times. Take one drop of this mix and add to another 1/6 ounce of distilled water and shake 50 times. Take one drop of this mix and add to 1/6 oz. of 80 to 90 proof vodka which acts as a preservative.

Place three drops under the tongue hourly until there is obvious improvement or temporary exacerbation of symptoms. As improvement progresses, lengthen the interval between treatments. After 3 days, suspend treatment to avoid pushing the immune system. Treatment is resumed if progress remains static or relapse occurs.


2) Begin with oral drops then increase dosage as needed.

Use fresh urine drops direct. For some cases, sub-lingual drops work well.
(Should always use fresh urine immediately upon collection. You should not boil or dilute the urine in any way. You must use it in its natural form)

Start by taking 1-5 drops of morning urine on the first day. On the second day, take 5-10 drops in the morning. On the third day, take 5-10 drops in the morning, and the same amount in the evening before you go to bed.

Once you feel accustomed to the therapy, gradually increase the amount as needed for obtaining results for your condition. As you use the therapy, you will learn to adjust the amount you need by observing your reactions to the therapy. It may be that you'll work up to actually drinking an ounce or two at a time.






Heartburn Symptoms, How Can You Help It?







What Does Heartburn Feel Like?

Heartburn is caused by acid reflux when stomach acid splashes from the stomach up into the esophagusHeartburn triggers differ from person to person, but most people have similar heartburn symptoms.
  • A burning feeling in the chest just behind the breastbone that occurs after eating and lasts a few minutes to several hours.
  • Chest pain, especially after bending over, lying down, or eating. Remember, you should see your doctor right away for any unexplained chest pain. Don't assume it's heartburn until your doctor tells you it is.
  • Burning in the throat -- or hot, sour, acidic or salty-tasting fluid at the back of the throat.
  • Difficulty swallowing.
  • Feeling of food "sticking" in the middle of the chest or throat.
  • Heartburn may cause chronic coughsore throat, or chronic hoarseness.
  • Reporting these symptoms is usually all that is needed for your doctor to make the diagnosis of heartburn. However, your doctor may perform special tests to determine the severity of your problem or to monitor your treatment. Special tests may also be needed if you have severe acid reflux or unusual symptoms such as weight loss.

    Is It Heartburn or a Heart Attack?

    Chest pain is one of the most common reasons a person goes to the emergency room. While many of these people are suffering from a heart attack, some actually may have severe heartburn.
    Often, the pain caused by a heart attack and during a severe heartburn episode is so difficult to distinguish that sophisticated medical testing is needed to determine whether or not you are having a heart attack. To complicate matters even more, the two problems have many of the same symptoms and occur in similar types of people (For example, older age and overweight people.)
    Signs more typical of heartburn include:
    • A sharp, burning sensation just below the breastbone or ribs.
    • Pain generally does not radiate to the shoulders, neck, or arms, but it can.
    • Pain usually comes after meals, when lying on the back, when exercising or when experiencing anxiety.
    • Symptoms usually respond quickly to antacids.
    • Rarely accompanied by a cold sweat.
    Signs more typical of angina (severe chest pain from heart problems) or heart attack include:
    • A feeling of fullness, tightness, or dull pressure or pain generally in the center of the chest.
    • The feeling of a belt being tightened around your chest
    • Sudden chest pain or pressure that worsens
    • Dizziness
    • Pain may spread to the shoulders, neck, jaw or arms
    • Pain often responds quickly to nitroglycerin
    • Shortness of breath
    • Often accompanied by a cold sweat
    • Possible light headedness
    If you have any pain that lasts for more than a few minutes or any warning signs of a heart attack, seek immediate medical attention. If there's any confusion about whether your symptoms are heartburn or a heart attack, also seek immediate medical attention.

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